Canada’s principal legal system is based on Common Law, which is rooted in the British system.
The Constitution and Provincial and Federal Jurisdiction
- Canada’s Constitution defines the nature and powers of the federal and provincial governments and sets out the basic rights of all individuals in the country, thereby representing the supreme law of Canada.
- The authority to make and pass laws is divided between the Parliament of Canada and the provincial legislatures.
- The federal government has jurisdiction over matters affecting all of Canada, including: inter-provincial and international transportation, trade or commerce, national defence, Aboriginal affairs, defence and criminal law.
- Provinces have authority in areas such as schools, hospitals and property rights.
- Provincial legislation may also give municipalities jurisdiction over matters related to parking regulations or local building standards.
The Legal Profession
- The legal profession is regulated by provincial law societies, which determine the standards and rights to practice within their respective jurisdiction.
- There are many high-calibre law firms in Atlantic Canada offering experience and understanding related to international business law.